The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Highly reliable high power carbon dioxide lasers are being increasingly employed in the converting industry. New laser sources with different wavelengths are available to allow more controlled laser cutting and perforating processes. These process advantages are thought to be due to enhanced absorption of certain thermoplastics at these shorter wavelengths and this paper investigates these.
An experimental technique for measuring the shear forces generated during vibration welding is presented. It involves the use of piezoelectric shear force transducers mounted under the fixture on the lifting table. Using unreinforced and 30% glass fibre reinforced nylon 66 T-welds, the force was measured in real time under a range of weld pressures and weld amplitudes. The shear stress amplitude is observed to depend strongly on the type of material, the welding parameters and the specific phase of the vibration welding process.
The manufacturing of Plastic Fuel Systems is an ever changing and technology driven field. The field is influenced by governmental emission standards that are becoming tougher to meet with plastic fuel tanks. Several new technologies have been developed to accommodate the environmental legislative changes.
Steven A. Kocheny, Val A. Kagan, John Macur, May 2004
For through-transmission laser welding (TTLW), basic studies include optical and mechanical data of nylon at dry-as molded conditions". Recent developments have been oriented toward the influence of accumulated moisture on optical and mechanical characterization of laser welded nylon 6. Results from this report provide supporting data that moisture in nylon is not a barrier for laser technology and the mechanical performance of welded parts."
Waveguides and lightpipes can be used for simultaneous TTIr plastics welding. There are various new improvements in the waveguide and lightpipe technology, including optical horned, tapered, lensed, side looking, and part incorporating waveguides and lightpipes, that enhance weldability, weld quality, and cycle times.
In recent years, much work has been done on laser welding of thermoplastics. The process has been well characterized through the use of test plaques. This paper discusses practical considerations of laser joint design, including an examination of the advantages and disadvantages of collapse-type joints and non-collapse or contained welding joints. Issues such as reflection and low transmissibility and low absorption materials are discussed from the part designer's point of view.
The possibility for laser welding of plastics has been researched over the past years with the results of the technology going in various directions. The Approach of laser welding plastic components in Industrial applications utilizing the Quasi-simultaneous laser welding (QSLS) has been quite successful.
In this work a continuous wave ultrasound system was investigated for application to in process temperature measurement for extrusion. Work to date includes preliminary studies of the feasibility and initial laboratory based tests showing sensitivity of the signal to temperature changes.
Marion McAfee, Steve Thompson, G.M. McNally, May 2004
Melt viscosity during extrusion is a strong indicator of product quality, hence measurement of this variable in real-time is a key target for process control. The suitability of different methods of viscosity monitoring for application in a control scheme is assessed in this work. The responses of in-line and on-line rheometers to steady state and dynamic conditions are investigated. Also, the ability to infer viscosity by monitoring of other process variables is considered.
A.J. Dawson, P.D. Coates, R. Collis, L. Owen, D. Owen, H.S. Rajamani, May 2004
The potential for process and production measurements on injection moulding machines using non-invasive, energy measurements is examined. High-speed energy measurements are shown to provide similar information to more traditional process measurements. Energy measurements may also provide additional information for use in process troubleshooting. It is concluded that energy monitoring can provide a fingerprint" of a process and hence can be used for product quality control."
E.C. Brown, L. Mulvaney-Johnson, P.D. Coates, May 2004
In-process measurements using ultrasonic technology provide a powerful yet non-invasive insight into material conditions. In the injection-moulding cavity, information on filling and solidification detection can be measured. The transit time of longitudinal ultrasonic waves through HDPE has been measured during gas assisted injection moulding (GAIM), indicating the ability of this technology to assess part wall thickness in-situ before mould opening.
Nikhil Gupta, Guoqiang Li, H. Dwayne Jerro, Eyassu Woldesenbet, Su-Seng Pang, May 2004
Effect of incorporation of nano-size clay particles on the flexural properties of syntactic foams is studied in the present work. Nanoclay particles are incorporated in syntactic foams in the volume fraction of 2 and 5%. Total volume fraction of glass microballoons and nanoclay is maintained at 0.65. Three-point bending tests are carried out in accordance to the standards ASTM D790-02. Flexural strength is found to increase with nanoclay content.
Sintering characteristics of clay nanoparticle/polyamide 6 composite were studied for applications in Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing. Sintered nanocomposite powders showed lower final density than the standard polymer due to increased resistance to low shear rate deformation. Because of this flow resistance, rapid prototyping processing parameters such as part-bed temperature and laser power must be adjusted.
G. Mehta, L.T. Drzal, A.K. Mohanty, K. Thayer, M. Misra, May 2004
A novel high volume processing technique called a 'biocomposite stampable sheet molding compound panel' (BCSMCP) manufacturing process was developed to mimic the continuous sheet molding compound (SMC) currently used in making glass fiber-polyester resin composites.
Hiroyuki Fukushima, Sung Ho Lee, Lawrence T. Drzal, May 2004
Natural crystalline graphite based graphite intercalated compounds [GICs] were exfoliated into sub-micron graphite flakes. Graphite nanocomposites were fabricated by combining the exfoliated graphite flakes with nylon66 resin. The mechanical properties of these composites showed considerably higher modulus than those of composites made with commercially available carbon reinforcing materials (i.e., CF, VGCF, and Carbon Black).
Alissa Saenz, Richard Knight, Thomas Twardowski, May 2004
High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray can create dense composite coatings. In ongoing experiments, composite feedstock powders composed of nanoscopic silica and nylon 11 were ball milled for up to 48 hours. Ashing indicated complete silica incorporation within the first half hour. Microscopy showed other physical changes occurring after additional milling.
Rigoberto Burgueño, Mario J. Quagliata, Amar K. Mohanty, Manjusri Misra, Geeta Mehta, Lawrence T. Drza, May 2004
Natural fiber composites (biocomposites) can be used in load-bearing components by improving their efficiency through hybrid and hierarchical cellular material designs. Experimental and analytical studies evaluated the material and structural short-term performance of material systems and laboratory-scale cellular beams and plates. Results indicate the potential of biocomposites for structural components.
Amar K. Mohanty, Lawrence T. Drzal, Prasad Mulukutla, Shrojal M. Desai, Manju Misra, May 2004
Eco-friendly green" composite materials are fabricated from inexpensive chopped natural fiber and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) through extrusion followed by injection molding processing. The incorporation of natural fiber in to the composite structure improved the modulus and impact strength of virgin bioplastic. Maleated PHB is synthesized by us and is also used as a compatibilizer in PHB based biocomposites."
Hyuk-soo Lee, Paula D. Fasulo, William R. Rodgers, Donald R. Paul, May 2004
Thermoplastic polyolefin nanocomposites based on polypropylene/elastomer/organoclay were prepared in a twin-screw extruder. Mechanical properties and thermal expansion behavior were measured and compared with composite theory. These properties will be discussed in terms of the morphology of the dispersed clay and rubber phases and the characteristics of the matrix and dispersed phases.
Pritam Das, Ozgu Ozturk, Justin Molenaur, R. Byron Pipes, May 2004
The process for thermoplastic pultrusion of glass fiber yarns is controlled with data acquisition software via the Internet. Consisting of the fiber distribution system with the guidance device, extruder, impregnation chamber, cooling unit, pulling mechanism, and take up device, the pultrusion line is operated and/or monitored remotely to obtain optimum performance.
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
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